Analysing citizenship: what do the social movements in the Southern Basque Country say?

Abstract

Citizenship is a changing and controversial concept. The aim of this article is to analyze the discourse of social movements in the Southern Basque Country on citizenship. From a qualitative point of view and after analyzing the opinions of members involved in feminism, in Basque language normalization movements, in migration movements and socio-ecology, the main conclusion is that social movements prioritize subjective and collective citizenship. In the case of the Basque Country, this issue is also joined by the complex relationship between citizenship and nationality: there is no official objective Basque citizenship at the state level, which intensifies the debate on citizenship.