Ongarri organiko eta mineralarekin ongarritutako patata laborearen N2O isuriak eta sentsore optikoen bidezko nitrogenoaren diagnosi nutrizionala

Abstract

Improper application of agricultural nitrogen adversely affects the environment. For example, emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O), which has a huge impact on climate change. Utilizing optical sensors, the nutritional nitrogen status in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been investigated to enable more precise application of nitrogen doses as needed. Equipment such as the Rapidscan, ceptometer, and SPAD have been employed to analyze the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), and chlorophyll content. Basal application was conducted on chicken manure (170 kg N ha^-1) and inorganic blending (10-18-24+2,5 MgO; 100 kg N ha^-1), while top-dressing was conducted on different doses of N: 0, 41, 81 and 122 kg N ha^-1 with calcium ammonium nitrate (NAC 27%), an inorganic commercial product. Basal application was found to have the greatest impact on potato yield, favoring blending application over chicken manure (38 tha^-1 vs. 31 t ha^-1). Yield values had the most significant association with LAI and NDVI, from the early stages of growth. There was no significant difference in N2O emissions between the treatments, although the highest emission was found in the plots where chicken litter was applied (319 μg N2O m^-2 h^-1), just a few days after basal fertilization. Furthermore, it was not able to reach the maximum yield values obtained with the mineral mixture. NDVI index, which provides information on the nutritional diagnosis of the crop, can be used to adjust the dose of surface fertilization and estimate production.