“Poppers” drug use and overall drug risk perception in young people between 14 and 24 years of age: a case study in the Urola Kosta region

Abstract

Introduction. "Poppers" is the common name for synthetically prepared volatile alkyl nitrites. Originally, the amyl nitrite was found to be a vasodilator and was used in medicine for angina pectoris, in the form of blisters that sounded "pop" when opened (hence the name). However, due to its transient action and difficult dosing, it was discontinued from clinical use. Nonetheless, consumption spread in other areas, mainly due to its effects in the sexual sphere, such as increased desire and relaxation of sphincters. Poppers are now used recreationally, with the consequent harm to health, especially when associated with other drugs.

Objectives. The main objective of this work was to obtain descriptive patterns of the consumption of “poppers” among youth aged 14-24. Specifically, prevalence, frequency, consumption habits and received offers to supply the drug were studied. At the same time, young people's perception of the risks that “poppers” and other drugs can cause was also evaluated, along with their opinion on the importance of actions to combat the problem of illegal drugs. The investigation was limited to Urola Kosta region, as a case study.

Materials and methods. An online questionnaire was formulated using as a model the national questionnaire on alcohol and drugs (EDADES, Encuesta sobre Alcohol y Drogas en España). The questionnaire has been distributed to youth of this age through the Whatsapp application, and also by means of educational centres (schools, high schools, vocational training and personalized integration itinerary centres). The questionnaire was open between February and April 2024 and was completed in a completely anonymous manner.

Results. 245 people from Urola Kosta answered the questionnaire, but 5 answers were discarded because they were out the age frame. 21% of young people aged 14-24 have consumed “poppers” at some point. This level of consumption is very high compared to national studies, around 10 times higher. The use of this drug starts from a very young age (the majority, 17 years old) and is mostly used in festive atmospheres, on Saturdays. On the other hand, the combination of alcohol and “poppers” is very common, with the interaction that this may entail, producing intense hypotension and syncope. It would therefore be crucial to provide young people with information on the risk of polyconsumption in an understandable and graphic manner. Finally, although young people agree with the ways in which current preventive information is distributed, it seems that the narrative of testimonies would also be important.

Conclusions. A high consumption of “poppers” has been observed among young people in Urola Kosta. Besides, the combination of alcohol and poppers is very common. It is necessary to disseminate useful information to youth about “poppers” and its associated risks, especially about polyconsumption. However, due to the small and limited sample size, further research is needed to determine the real rate of consumption and to extrapolate these results to larger populations.