The impact of GLP-1 analogue use on patients' mental health

Abstract

Obesity has become a global epidemic in recent years. Obesity and depression have a two-way relationship. GLP-1 analogues may have a potential benefit in depressive disorders through, among others, the benefits on weight management. However, in 2023 adverse effects associated with suicide on GLP-1 analog users were reported. The purpose of this review was to study the potential effects of GLP-1 analogues on patients' mental health. Randomized clinical trials and/or observational cohorts and case control studies published in the past five years were evaluated. Symptoms and adverse events related to depression or suicide were taken as main variables.

Four studies showed a decrease in depression risk among GLP-1 analog users, the effect being clinically insignificant in two of them. Antidepressant consumption was found to increase in one study but other found no relationship. Four other studies reported a reduction in suicide variables, including two that assessed patients with psychiatric history. Studies with no significant results may be interpreted as positive indicators, as they proved neither benefit nor harm. Looking at long-term effects, a study found that the risk of depression, anxiety and suicidal behavior increased progressively after five years of treatment. But, no abstinence or rebound psychiatric effects were observed.

Studies show a tendency for a reduction in the risk of depression and suicide variables. However, health professionals should individualize patient’s treatment and monitor mood changes or attitudes related to suicide.